Face Generation¶
In this project, you'll use generative adversarial networks to generate new images of faces.
Get the Data¶
You'll be using two datasets in this project:
- MNIST
- CelebA
Since the celebA dataset is complex and you're doing GANs in a project for the first time, we want you to test your neural network on MNIST before CelebA. Running the GANs on MNIST will allow you to see how well your model trains sooner.
If you're using FloydHub, set data_dir to "/input" and use the FloydHub data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe".
#data_dir = './data'
# FloydHub - Use with data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe"
data_dir = '/input'
"""
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"""
import helper
helper.download_extract('mnist', data_dir)
helper.download_extract('celeba', data_dir)
show_n_images = 25
"""
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"""
%matplotlib inline
import os
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import pyplot
mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'L')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'L'), cmap='gray')
CelebA¶
The CelebFaces Attributes Dataset (CelebA) dataset contains over 200,000 celebrity images with annotations. Since you're going to be generating faces, you won't need the annotations. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.
show_n_images = 25
"""
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"""
celeba_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'RGB')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(celeba_images, 'RGB'))
Preprocess the Data¶
Since the project's main focus is on building the GANs, we'll preprocess the data for you. The values of the MNIST and CelebA dataset will be in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 of 28x28 dimensional images. The CelebA images will be cropped to remove parts of the image that don't include a face, then resized down to 28x28.
The MNIST images are black and white images with a single color channel while the CelebA images have 3 color channels (RGB color channel).
Build the Neural Network¶
You'll build the components necessary to build a GANs by implementing the following functions below:
model_inputsdiscriminatorgeneratormodel_lossmodel_opttrain
Check the Version of TensorFlow and Access to GPU¶
This will check to make sure you have the correct version of TensorFlow and access to a GPU
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
import warnings
import tensorflow as tf
# Check TensorFlow Version
assert LooseVersion(tf.__version__) >= LooseVersion('1.0'), 'Please use TensorFlow version 1.0 or newer. You are using {}'.format(tf.__version__)
print('TensorFlow Version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))
# Check for a GPU
if not tf.test.gpu_device_name():
warnings.warn('No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.')
else:
print('Default GPU Device: {}'.format(tf.test.gpu_device_name()))
Input¶
Implement the model_inputs function to create TF Placeholders for the Neural Network. It should create the following placeholders:
- Real input images placeholder with rank 4 using
image_width,image_height, andimage_channels. - Z input placeholder with rank 2 using
z_dim. - Learning rate placeholder with rank 0.
Return the placeholders in the following the tuple (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data)
import problem_unittests as tests
def model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim):
"""
Create the model inputs
:param image_width: The input image width
:param image_height: The input image height
:param image_channels: The number of image channels
:param z_dim: The dimension of Z
:return: Tuple of (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data, learning rate)
"""
# TODO: Implement Function
real_input_images = tf.placeholder(
tf.float32,
shape = [None, image_height, image_width, image_channels],
name = 'real_input_images'
)
z_data = tf.placeholder(
tf.float32,
shape = [None, z_dim],
name = 'z_data'
)
learning_rate = tf.placeholder(
tf.float32,
shape = [],
name = 'learning_rate'
)
return real_input_images, z_data, learning_rate
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_inputs(model_inputs)
Discriminator¶
Implement discriminator to create a discriminator neural network that discriminates on images. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "discriminator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return a tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator).
def discriminator(images, reuse=False, alpha=0.12):
"""
Create the discriminator network
:param images: Tensor of input image(s)
:param reuse: Boolean if the weights should be reused
:return: Tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator)
"""
# TODO: Implement Function
# Note this code block largely reproduced from
# https://github.com/udacity/deep-learning/tree/master/dcgan-svhn
with tf.variable_scope('discriminator', reuse=reuse):
# Input layer is 28x28x3
x1 = tf.layers.conv2d(images, 64, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
relu1 = tf.maximum(alpha * x1, x1)
# 14x14x64
x2 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu1, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
bn2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=True)
relu2 = tf.maximum(alpha * bn2, bn2)
# 7x7x128
x3 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu2, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
bn3 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x3, training=True)
relu3 = tf.maximum(alpha * bn3, bn3)
# 4x4x256
# Flatten it
flat = tf.reshape(relu3, (-1, 4*4*256))
# h1 = tf.layers.dense(flat, 4096, activation = None)
logits = tf.layers.dense(flat, 1)
out = tf.sigmoid(logits)
# print("images input shape", images.shape)
# print("x1 shape", x1.shape)
# print("x2 shape", x2.shape)
# print("x3 shape", x3.shape)
# print("flat shape", flat.shape)
return out, logits
"""
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"""
tests.test_discriminator(discriminator, tf)
Generator¶
Implement generator to generate an image using z. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "generator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return the generated 28 x 28 x out_channel_dim images.
def generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True, alpha = 0.12):
"""
Create the generator network
:param z: Input z
:param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
:param is_train: Boolean if generator is being used for training
:return: The tensor output of the generator
"""
# TODO: Implement Function
# Note this code block largely reproduced from
# https://github.com/udacity/deep-learning/tree/master/dcgan-svhn
with tf.variable_scope('generator', reuse=not is_train):
# First fully connected layer
x1 = tf.layers.dense(input_z, 7*7*256)
# Reshape it to start the convolutional stack
x1 = tf.reshape(x1, (-1, 7, 7, 256))
x1 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x1, training=is_train)
x1 = tf.maximum(alpha * x1, x1)
# 7x7x256 now
x2 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x1, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
#x2 = tf.reshape(x1, (-1, 7, 7, 128))
x2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=is_train)
x2 = tf.maximum(alpha * x2, x2)
# 14x14x128 now
x3 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x2, 64, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
x3 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x3, training=is_train)
x3 = tf.maximum(alpha * x3, x3)
# 28x28x64 now
#x4 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x3, 32, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
#x4 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x4, training=is_train)
#x4 = tf.maximum(alpha * x4, x4)
# 28x28x64 now
# Output layer
logits = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x3, out_channel_dim, 5, strides=1, padding='same')
# 28x28x out_channel_dim now
out = tf.tanh(logits)
#print("input_z shape",input_z.shape)
#print("x1 shape", x1.shape)
#print("x2 shape", x2.shape)
#print("x3 shape", x3.shape)
#####3#print("x4 shape", x4.shape)
#print("logits shape", logits.shape)
return out
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_generator(generator, tf)
Loss¶
Implement model_loss to build the GANs for training and calculate the loss. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss). Use the following functions you implemented:
discriminator(images, reuse=False)generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)
def model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim, alpha = 0.12, smooth = 0.9):
"""
Get the loss for the discriminator and generator
:param input_real: Images from the real dataset
:param input_z: Z input
:param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
:return: A tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss)
"""
# TODO: Implement Function
# Note this code block largely reproduced from
# https://github.com/udacity/deep-learning/tree/master/dcgan-svhn
g_image = generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, alpha=alpha)
d_model_real, d_logits_real = discriminator(input_real, alpha=alpha)
d_model_fake, d_logits_fake = discriminator(g_image, reuse=True, alpha=alpha)
d_loss_real = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_real, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_real)*smooth))
d_loss_fake = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.zeros_like(d_model_fake)*(1-smooth)))
g_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_fake)*smooth))
d_loss = d_loss_real + d_loss_fake
return d_loss, g_loss
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_loss(model_loss)
Optimization¶
Implement model_opt to create the optimization operations for the GANs. Use tf.trainable_variables to get all the trainable variables. Filter the variables with names that are in the discriminator and generator scope names. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation).
def model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1):
"""
Get optimization operations
:param d_loss: Discriminator loss Tensor
:param g_loss: Generator loss Tensor
:param learning_rate: Learning Rate Placeholder
:param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
:return: A tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation)
"""
# TODO: Implement Function
# Note this code block reproduced in entirety from
# https://github.com/udacity/deep-learning/tree/master/dcgan-svhn
# Get weights and bias to update
t_vars = tf.trainable_variables()
d_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('discriminator')]
g_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('generator')]
update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)
d_updates = [opt for opt in update_ops if opt.name.startswith('discriminator')]
g_updates = [opt for opt in update_ops if opt.name.startswith('generator')]
with tf.control_dependencies(d_updates):
d_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(d_loss, var_list=d_vars)
with tf.control_dependencies(g_updates):
g_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(g_loss, var_list=g_vars)
return d_opt, g_opt
"""
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"""
tests.test_model_opt(model_opt, tf)
"""
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"""
import numpy as np
def show_generator_output(sess, n_images, input_z, out_channel_dim, image_mode):
"""
Show example output for the generator
:param sess: TensorFlow session
:param n_images: Number of Images to display
:param input_z: Input Z Tensor
:param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
:param image_mode: The mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
"""
cmap = None if image_mode == 'RGB' else 'gray'
z_dim = input_z.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
example_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=[n_images, z_dim])
samples = sess.run(
generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, False),
feed_dict={input_z: example_z})
images_grid = helper.images_square_grid(samples, image_mode)
pyplot.imshow(images_grid, cmap=cmap)
pyplot.show()
Train¶
Implement train to build and train the GANs. Use the following functions you implemented:
model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim)model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)
Use the show_generator_output to show generator output while you train. Running show_generator_output for every batch will drastically increase training time and increase the size of the notebook. It's recommended to print the generator output every 100 batches.
def train(epoch_count, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, get_batches, data_shape, data_image_mode):
"""
Train the GAN
:param epoch_count: Number of epochs
:param batch_size: Batch Size
:param z_dim: Z dimension
:param learning_rate: Learning Rate
:param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
:param get_batches: Function to get batches
:param data_shape: Shape of the data
:param data_image_mode: The image mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
"""
# TODO: Build Model
input_real, input_z, lr = model_inputs(data_shape[1], data_shape[2], data_shape[3], z_dim)
# print("input_real shape",input_real.shape)
# print("input_z shape", input_z.shape)
# print("output_channel_dim", data_shape[3])
d_loss, g_loss = model_loss(input_real, input_z, data_shape[3], alpha=0.12)
d_opt, g_opt = model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)
steps = 0
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for epoch_i in range(epoch_count):
for batch_images in get_batches(batch_size):
# TODO: Train Model
steps += 1
batch_images *= 2.0
batch_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=(batch_size, z_dim))
_ = sess.run(d_opt, feed_dict={input_real: batch_images, input_z: batch_z})
_ = sess.run(g_opt, feed_dict={input_z: batch_z})
# print losses every 10 steps
if steps % 10 == 0:
train_loss_d = d_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z, input_real: batch_images})
train_loss_g = g_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z})
print("Epoch {}/{}...".format(epoch_i + 1, epochs),
"Discriminator Loss: {:.4f}...".format(train_loss_d),
"Generator Loss: {:.4f}".format(train_loss_g))
# show generator output every 100 steps
if steps % 100 == 0:
show_generator_output(sess, 25, input_z, data_shape[3], data_image_mode)
MNIST¶
Test your GANs architecture on MNIST. After 2 epochs, the GANs should be able to generate images that look like handwritten digits. Make sure the loss of the generator is lower than the loss of the discriminator or close to 0.
# SUBMISSION 1:
# training nicely
# upped layer filter numbers by *2
# tried adding 4 hidden layers cascading down in length by half.
# didn't put sigmoid. training time substantially increased.
# result: images look like weird splotchy artifact not making numbers at all even after 600 steps
# added sigmoid, training seems to have gotten stuck on a noise pattern
# try only one added hidden layer with sigmoid.
# discriminator converges now and generator generates
# consistent pattern of noise that isn't learning
# removing sigmoid from hidden layer. strangely discriminator loss starts at 0 and stays.
# hidden layer seems to be adding this waveform pattern that's causing problems.
# removing.
# keeping 128 256 512 filters
# seems to have artifact now where only top corners are white everything else black
# doubling learning_rate to 0.01
# trying dividing filter stack depths by 2 for 32 62 128 and batch 32
# that worked really well. images looking pretty good now.
# decreasing learning_rate to 0.001
# SUBMISSION 2:
# updated alpha per suggestion from reviewer to 0.12 training to observe differences. seems to work similarly well as before.
# curious as to why suggested.
# trying doubling the filter depths, per suggestion from reviewer. 64 128 256 numbers look good.
# trying adding smooth = 0.9 to model_loss d_loss_real per suggestion from reviewer.
# not clearly advantageous at this point
# trying learning rate between 0.0002 and 0.0008 and different values of Beta1 between 0.2 and 0.5
# lr 0.0005 beta1 0.35
# re-running after adding 0.9 and 0.1 smoothing to d_loss_fake and g_loss in model_loss
batch_size = 32
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.0005
beta1 = 0.35
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 2
mnist_dataset = helper.Dataset('mnist', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, mnist_dataset.get_batches,
mnist_dataset.shape, mnist_dataset.image_mode)
CelebA¶
Run your GANs on CelebA. It will take around 20 minutes on the average GPU to run one epoch. You can run the whole epoch or stop when it starts to generate realistic faces.
# not clearly seeing improvement from reviewer suggestions at this point.
# trying adding 0.9 and 0.1 smoothing to d_loss_fake and g_loss in model_loss
# learning rate 0.0004
# Looking pretty good! submitting.
batch_size = 32
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.0004
beta1 = 0.2
"""
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"""
epochs = 1
celeba_dataset = helper.Dataset('celeba', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, celeba_dataset.get_batches,
celeba_dataset.shape, celeba_dataset.image_mode)
Submitting This Project¶
When submitting this project, make sure to run all the cells before saving the notebook. Save the notebook file as "dlnd_face_generation.ipynb" and save it as a HTML file under "File" -> "Download as". Include the "helper.py" and "problem_unittests.py" files in your submission.